Black September refers to several historical events, but the most notable one occurred in **Jordan in 1970**, when the Jordanian government clashed with Palestinian factions, particularly the **Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)**. The term stems from the civil war that broke out in **September 1970**, when tensions between the PLO and the Jordanian monarchy, led by King Hussein, escalated into violence.
The conflict arose due to the growing presence and influence of Palestinian guerrilla groups in Jordan, who had taken control of parts of the country, especially after being expelled from other Arab nations. The situation became unsustainable for the Jordanian government, which saw it as a threat to its sovereignty.
- **Outcome**: The Jordanian military launched an assault on PLO positions, leading to significant casualties. The conflict resulted in the expulsion of the PLO from Jordan, with many Palestinian fighters relocating to Lebanon.
- **International Impact**: The event marked a significant turning point in Middle Eastern politics, particularly for Palestinian activism and Jordanian relations with neighboring Arab nations.
The name "Black September" was also adopted by a Palestinian militant group responsible for the **1972 Munich Olympics attack**, where they kidnapped and killed 11 members of the Israeli Olympic team.
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